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    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/lever-indicator-cosine-error/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/reading/lever-indicator-cosine-error/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/lever-indicator-cosine-error/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-tilt.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-tilt.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>错误用法：卡尺倾斜测轴</video:title><video:description>杠杆表与余弦误差 — 杠杆表（杠杆指示表）的原理与用法：什么场合用它代替百分表；测头倾斜造成的余弦误差（真实位移 = 读数 × cos α）、修正系数表与算例；安装要点：把测杆摆到与位移方向垂直，夹角控制在 10° 以内或按 cos α 修正。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-tilt.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/physics-length-measurement/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/physics-length-measurement/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/reading/physics-length-measurement/"/>
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    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/vernier-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/vernier-reading.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Read a vernier caliper on a Ø25 shaft (readout view)</video:title><video:description>Physics practical: length measurement — The Class 11 vernier caliper experiment (NCERT Experiment 1): least count 0.1 mm, zero error, a sphere’s diameter, a block’s density and a beaker’s volume.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/vernier-reading.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/physics-length-measurement/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/reading/physics-length-measurement/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/physics-length-measurement/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/vernier-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/vernier-reading.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>在 Ø25 轴上读游标卡尺（读数视角）</video:title><video:description>高中物理：长度的测量 — 高中物理“长度的测量”实验：10、20、50 分度游标卡尺与螺旋测微器（千分尺）读数方法，零误差修正，有效数字与单位换算，测量试管外径、内径和深度，常见读数题易错点，在线游标卡尺仿真练习。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/vernier-reading.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/least-count-vernier-caliper/</loc>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/least-count-vernier-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/reading/least-count-vernier-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/least-count-vernier-caliper/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/vernier-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/vernier-reading.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Read a vernier caliper on a Ø25 shaft (readout view)</video:title><video:description>Least count of a vernier caliper — Least count of a vernier caliper = 1 main scale division ÷ number of vernier divisions, e.g. 1 mm ÷ 10 = 0.1 mm (0.01 cm). Worked examples for 10, 20 and 50 divisions, positive and negative zero error with the zero correction, and the Class 11 practical table.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/vernier-reading.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/least-count-vernier-caliper/"/>
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    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/vernier-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/vernier-reading.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>在 Ø25 轴上读游标卡尺（读数视角）</video:title><video:description>游标卡尺的精度（分度值）怎么算 — 游标卡尺的精度（分度值）= 主尺 1 格 ÷ 游标格数，例如 1 mm ÷ 10 = 0.1 mm。附 10、20、50 分度和主尺不是 1 mm 时的算法、正负零误差怎么判断与修正、负零误差为什么从游标末端数，以及实验记录表。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/vernier-reading.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/screw-gauge/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/reading/screw-gauge/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/screw-gauge/"/>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/reading/screw-gauge/</loc>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/reading/screw-gauge/"/>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/inspection-characteristics/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <priority>0.8</priority>
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    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/keyway-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/keyway-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure a Ø35 keyway shaft</video:title><video:description>Finding the inspection characteristics on a drawing — Turn a drawing into a list of inspection characteristics: which requirements count, how to number (balloon) them, how to write the limits, and what key-characteristic marks mean, with a stepped-shaft example (Ø20 0/−0.05 → 19.95–20.00 mm).</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/keyway-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/keyway-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量 Ø35 键槽轴外径</video:title><video:description>读图并提取检验特性 — 把图纸变成检验特性清单：哪些要求算检验特性，怎样编号（打气泡），怎样写出上、下极限尺寸，关键特性标记由谁定义；附阶梯轴示例（Ø20 0/−0.05 → 19.95～20.00 mm）。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/keyway-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure a Ø25 shaft</video:title><video:description>How to measure a machined part — A practical way to decide how to measure a part: read the drawing, list each feature and tolerance, pick an instrument by the 10:1 rule, choose the method and the number of points, then record, with a table of common features (diameters, bores, depths, steps, centre distances, keyways, threads, form tolerances) and what to use.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量 Ø25 轴外径</video:title><video:description>工件怎么测量 — 制定测量方案的实用方法：读图纸，列出每个要素和公差，按十分之一原则选量具，确定测量方法与测点，最后记录。附常见要素（外径、内孔、深度、台阶、孔距、键槽、螺纹、形位公差）选什么量具一览表。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measuring-common-parts/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-common-parts/"/>
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    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure a Ø25 shaft</video:title><video:description>Measuring common parts — Practical measuring routines for common machined parts: shafts (several positions, two directions), bushings (OD, bore, length, wall), flanges (OD, bore, thickness, hole pitch), gear tip diameter (even and odd teeth), blind-hole depth and housings (large OD with light, even force).</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量 Ø25 轴外径</video:title><video:description>常见工件怎么测 — 常见机加工件的卡尺测量流程：轴（多截面、两个方向）、轴套（外径、内孔、长度、壁厚）、法兰（外径、内孔、厚度、孔距）、齿轮齿顶圆（偶数齿与奇数齿）、盲孔深度与壳体（大外径、轻力均匀测量）。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-a-bore/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measuring-a-bore/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-a-bore/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/bushing-bore.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/bushing-bore.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure the bore of a bushing</video:title><video:description>How to measure a bore — How to measure a bore with a caliper: inside jaws well into the hole and across the centre, rock for the largest reading, take the smallest along the axis, repeat at 90°. Plus blind-hole depth with the depth rod, judging against the tolerance and when to switch to an inside micrometer.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/bushing-bore.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measuring-a-bore/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-a-bore/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/bushing-bore.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/bushing-bore.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量轴套内孔</video:title><video:description>孔径怎么测 — 孔径怎么测？卡尺内测量爪伸进孔中部并通过中心，径向轻摆取最大值、轴向取最小值，再在互相垂直的方向复测；盲孔深度用深度尺，尺身端面贴紧孔口。公差更严时改用内测千分尺、三爪内径千分尺等，附三维演示与错误用法。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/bushing-bore.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <priority>0.8</priority>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/bore-gauge/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/bore-gauge/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/bushing-bore.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/bushing-bore.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure the bore of a bushing</video:title><video:description>Measuring a bore with a dial bore gauge — How a dial bore gauge (internal dial indicator) measures a bore by comparison: set it to size on a ring gauge or gauge blocks, rock it in the bore, and read the minimum at the turning point. Bore size = setting size + signed reading, with a worked example on a Ø28 bushing bore.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/bushing-bore.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/bore-gauge/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/bore-gauge/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/bore-gauge/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/bushing-bore.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/bushing-bore.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量轴套内孔</video:title><video:description>内径百分表测孔 — 内径百分表（GB/T 8122-2024 内径指示表）怎么用：在环规或量块上对到公称尺寸，测头伸入孔内沿轴向截面轻轻摆动，取转折点的最小读数；孔径 = 调零尺寸 + 读数（带符号）。附 Ø28 衬套孔算例与分度值、检定的现行标准。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/bushing-bore.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/stepped-small.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/stepped-small.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Ø20 OD of a stepped shaft</video:title><video:description>Steps, hole-to-edge and centre distance — Measure a step height with the depth rod or the step faces, hole-to-edge distance, and the centre distance of two holes with a caliper: C = L(outer) − (d1 + d2)/2 or C = L(inner) + (d1 + d2)/2, with examples and accuracy notes.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/stepped-small.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/step-and-center-distance/"/>
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    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/stepped-small.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/stepped-small.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>阶梯轴 Ø20 段外径</video:title><video:description>卡尺测台阶、孔边距与中心距 — 用卡尺测台阶高度（深度尺或台阶测量面）、孔到边距离和两孔中心距：C = L外 − (d1 + d2)/2 或 C = L内 + (d1 + d2)/2，附例题与精度注意事项。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/stepped-small.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-runout/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-runout/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measuring-runout/"/>
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    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure a Ø25 shaft</video:title><video:description>Radial and axial runout with a dial indicator — Runout (circular run-out) per GB/T 1182-2018 and ISO 1101: rotate the part one full revolution under a dial indicator and take the largest minus the smallest reading. Radial runout on a shaft between centres or in a V-block, axial (face) runout, and total run-out, with a worked example.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measuring-runout/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-runout/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measuring-runout/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measuring-runout/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量 Ø25 轴外径</video:title><video:description>径向跳动与轴向跳动 — 跳动（圆跳动）按 GB/T 1182-2018 与 ISO 1101：工件绕基准轴线转一整圈，位置固定的指示表最大与最小读数之差即跳动值。径向跳动测外圆、轴向跳动（旧称端面跳动）测端面，两顶尖或 V 形块支承，附算例。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/flange-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/flange-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure the outside diameter of a flange</video:title><video:description>First article inspection and inspection record — How to do a first article (first-off) inspection: when it is needed, how to number the drawing characteristics, which instrument to use, and how to fill in the inspection record with actual values and decisions, with a worked example.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/flange-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/first-article-inspection/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/flange-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/flange-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量法兰外径</video:title><video:description>首件检验与检验记录 — 首件检验的做法：什么时候要做首检，图纸特性怎么编号，按公差为每个特性选量具并确认校准有效，检验记录怎么填实测值和合格判定结论，附数显卡尺测轴径的检验记录填写示例。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/flange-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/inspection-records/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/inspection-records/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/inspection-records/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/inspection-records/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Judge an oversize shaft (rejected)</video:title><video:description>Inspection records and reports — What an inspection record needs so others can trace and check it: header fields, one line per characteristic with the actual value, instrument ID and decision, and how to record a nonconformity, with an Ø20 0/−0.05 shaft measured at 20.07 mm.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/inspection-records/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/inspection-records/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/inspection-records/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/inspection-records/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>判定超差的轴（不合格）</video:title><video:description>检验记录与报告 — 检验记录要写哪些内容才能让别人追溯和复核：表头栏目，每项特性一行（实测值、量具编号、判定），以及不合格项怎么记录（ISO 9001:2015 第 8.7.2 条）；附超差轴 Ø20 0/−0.05 实测 20.07 的示例。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measurement-errors/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measurement-errors/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measurement-errors/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measurement-errors/"/>
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    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-tilt.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Wrong use: caliper tilted on a shaft</video:title><video:description>Caliper measurement errors and how to avoid them — Why caliper readings go wrong and how to avoid it: parallax, Abbe error, tilt along the axis (L / cos α), zero error, measuring force, dirt and burrs, temperature, worn jaws, off-centre bore readings and unseated depth readings.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-tilt.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measurement-errors/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measurement-errors/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/measurement-errors/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/measurement-errors/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-tilt.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-tilt.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>错误用法：卡尺倾斜测轴</video:title><video:description>卡尺测量误差及避免方法 — 卡尺读数为什么会错、如何避免：视差、阿贝误差、沿轴倾斜（L / cos α）、零误差、测量力、脏物毛刺、温度、量爪磨损，以及测孔偏离中心、测深尺身未贴紧等误差。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-tilt.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/micrometer-errors/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/micrometer-errors/"/>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/micrometer-errors/</loc>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/methods/micrometer-errors/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/methods/micrometer-errors/"/>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Judge an oversize shaft (rejected)</video:title><video:description>Tolerances and fits basics — Limits and fits for beginners: nominal size, upper and lower deviation, tolerance band, IT grades, hole-basis (H) and shaft-basis (h) systems, clearance, transition and interference fits, with worked examples (Ø20H7/g6) and how to judge pass or fail.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/tolerances-and-fits/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>判定超差的轴（不合格）</video:title><video:description>公差配合入门 — 公差与配合基础：公称尺寸、上偏差与下偏差、公差带、标准公差等级 IT、基孔制（H）与基轴制（h）、间隙配合、过渡配合、过盈配合，Ø20H7/g6 算例，以及测量后如何判定合格。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/choosing-instruments/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/choosing-instruments/"/>
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    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/disc-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Vernier caliper on a Ø60 aluminium disc</video:title><video:description>Caliper or micrometer? Choosing the instrument — Choose the instrument from the tolerance: its accuracy should be about one tenth of the tolerance band. When a caliper is enough, when you need a micrometer, a dial indicator or a plug gauge, and how a micrometer is read.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/disc-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/choosing-instruments/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/choosing-instruments/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/choosing-instruments/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/disc-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/disc-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>游标卡尺测 Ø60 铝圆盘外径</video:title><video:description>卡尺还是千分尺？按公差选量具 — 按公差选量具：准确度约为公差带的十分之一（做不到时常取四分之一）；讲清何时用卡尺就够、何时改用千分尺、百分表或塞规，对比卡尺与外径千分尺，并给出千分尺读数要点。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/disc-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure a Ø25 shaft</video:title><video:description>Repeated measurements: mean and standard deviation — How to summarise repeated readings of the same part: the mean, the experimental standard deviation s, and the standard deviation of the mean s/√n, with the GUM formulas and a five-reading caliper example (20.088 mm, s = 0.0228 mm, s/√5 = 0.0102 mm).</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/repeated-measurements/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量 Ø25 轴外径</video:title><video:description>重复测量：平均值与标准偏差 — 同一零件测多次，读数怎么整理：平均值、实验标准偏差 s、平均值的标准偏差 s/√n，按 GUM 的公式，附卡尺五次读数算例（20.088 mm，s = 0.0228 mm，s/√5 = 0.0102 mm）。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-pin.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-pin.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Digital caliper: Ø12 ±0.03 pin</video:title><video:description>Measurement uncertainty basics — An introduction to measurement uncertainty (GUM): error versus uncertainty, Type A from repeated readings, Type B from specifications and resolution, combined and expanded uncertainty with k = 2, worked for a caliper reading.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-pin.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/measurement-uncertainty/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/digital-pin.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/digital-pin.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>数显卡尺测 Ø12 ±0.03 销</video:title><video:description>测量不确定度入门 — 测量不确定度基础（GUM / JJF 1059.1）：误差与不确定度的区别，重复测量的 A 类评定，按规格和分辨力的 B 类评定，合成标准不确定度与 k = 2 扩展不确定度，附卡尺测量算例。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/digital-pin.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Measure a Ø25 shaft</video:title><video:description>An uncertainty budget for a caliper measurement — Build an uncertainty budget for a caliper measurement step by step, after NPL Good Practice Guide 40: repeatability, resolution, face flatness and parallelism, calibration specification; combined u = 0.017 mm (NPL rounds it to 0.018) and U = 0.035 mm (k = 2), and how the degrees of freedom of five readings affect k.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
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    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/uncertainty-budget-caliper/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>测量 Ø25 轴外径</video:title><video:description>卡尺测量的不确定度预算 — 按 NPL 第 40 号良好实践指南，一步步列出卡尺测量的不确定度预算：重复性、分辨力、测量面平面度与平行度、校准规格；合成标准不确定度 0.017 mm（NPL 舍入写作 0.018）、扩展不确定度 U = 0.035 mm（k = 2），以及只测五次时自由度怎样影响 k。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-outside.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Judge an oversize shaft (rejected)</video:title><video:description>Decision rules and guard bands — How measurement uncertainty enters a pass/fail decision, after JCGM 106: simple acceptance, guarded acceptance (acceptance limits w = U inside the tolerance), guarded rejection, consumer’s and producer’s risk, with a Ø20 0/−0.05 mm worked example.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/shaft-reject.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/decision-rules/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>判定超差的轴（不合格）</video:title><video:description>判定规则与保护带 — 按 JCGM 106 讲测量不确定度怎样进入合格判定：简单接受、保护带接受（在公差内侧缩进 w = U 设验收极限）、保护带拒收，消费方风险与生产方风险，附 Ø20 0/−0.05 mm 算例。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/shaft-reject.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-force.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-force.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Wrong use: squeezing too hard</video:title><video:description>Gauge R&amp;R and measurement system analysis (MSA) — Measurement system analysis in plain terms: bias, linearity, stability, repeatability and reproducibility; how to run a caliper gauge R&amp;R study (parts, appraisers, trials) and how to read %GRR and the number of distinct categories.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-force.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/tolerance/msa-gauge-rr/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-force.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-force.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>错误用法：测量力过大</video:title><video:description>量具 GR&amp;R 与测量系统分析（MSA） — 测量系统分析通俗讲解：偏倚、线性、稳定性、重复性与再现性；卡尺量具 GR&amp;R 研究怎么做（零件、测量人、测量次数），%GRR 与可区分类别数 ndc 怎么判断。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-force.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-reading.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Digital caliper on a stepped shaft (readout view)</video:title><video:description>How to choose a caliper — Compare calipers by objective specifications: measuring range and jaw length, vernier, dial or digital readout, resolution versus maximum permissible error, protection rating, materials, data output and the certificate supplied.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-reading.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/choosing-a-caliper/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/digital-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/digital-reading.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>数显卡尺测阶梯轴（读数视角）</video:title><video:description>卡尺怎么选 — 按客观指标比较卡尺：测量范围与量爪长度，游标、带表还是数显，分辨力与最大允许误差的区别，防护等级，材料与结构，数据输出以及随附的证书，按工件公差和使用环境选型。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/digital-reading.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-zero-digital.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-zero-digital.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>Wrong use: digital caliper not set to ORIGIN</video:title><video:description>Caliper care and calibration — Keep a caliper accurate: clean and check zero before use, check the jaws against light, verify with gauge blocks across the range, check it against the maximum permissible error (ISO 13385-1 or your national procedure) at an interval your quality system sets, and store it correctly.</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/error-zero-digital.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/caliper-care-calibration/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-zero-digital.webp</image:loc></image:image>
    <video:video><video:thumbnail_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-zero-digital.webp</video:thumbnail_loc><video:title>错误用法：数显卡尺未按 ORIGIN 归零</video:title><video:description>卡尺保养与校准 — 卡尺怎样保持准确：使用前擦净、检查零位和透光，定期用量块在量程内多点校准，按 JJG 30 检定或按质量体系规定的周期校准（对照 ISO 13385-1 的最大允许误差），正确存放与保养。</video:description><video:content_loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/zh/error-zero-digital.mp4</video:content_loc><video:duration>5</video:duration><video:publication_date>2026-10-16T08:00:00+08:00</video:publication_date><video:family_friendly>yes</video:family_friendly></video:video>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/calibrating-with-gauge-blocks/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-16</lastmod>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.8</priority>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/calibrating-with-gauge-blocks/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://kelibron.com/zh/guide/instruments/calibrating-with-gauge-blocks/"/>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://kelibron.com/guide/instruments/calibrating-with-gauge-blocks/"/>
    <image:image><image:loc>https://kelibron.com/media/scenes/en/digital-reading.webp</image:loc></image:image>
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